From 7 years of age, many children can brush their own teeth but will still require prompting, supervision, and motivation. Adult involvement ensures the correct amount of toothpaste is used, enables them to prevent children eating or licking toothpaste from the tube and that all teeth are brushed thoroughly. From 3 to 6 years of age there is a transition with the child and adult both brushing. Parents should brush their childrenвЂ™s teeth as soon as they erupt. The term вЂbefore bedвЂ™ may be used as an alternative to вЂlast thing at nightвЂ™ for shift workers to sleep at another time of day.Д®arly introduction to the habit of toothbrushing is important. Brushing should occur twice daily as a minimum, the guidance being to clean teeth last thing at night or before bed, and at least one other time each day. Family or standard fluoride toothpaste at 1,350 to 1,500 parts per million fluoride ( ppmF) is recommended, although in very young children, where the ability to control swallowing is limited, a toothpaste containing a lower amount (at least 1,000 ppmF) can be used (3, 4). Higher concentration of fluoride in toothpaste leads to better caries control. Dental cariesДЇor caries prevention, it is the application of fluoride in toothpaste that is the most important aspect of brushing, as fluoride helps prevent, control, and arrest caries ( Chapter 2: Table 1). Oral hygiene advice for the population in general, and specific advice for those at higher risk, are presented below for each oral condition. Good oral hygiene reduces the risk of periodontal diseases however, periodontal health also requires effective interproximal plaque removal. The particular benefit in preventing dental caries, relates to the fluoride in toothpaste (Chapter 9). The risk of dental caries (Chapter 4) and periodontal diseases (Chapter 5) can both be reduced by the practice of regular careful oral hygiene involving toothbrushing with fluoride toothpaste.

use additional cleaning aids to reach interproximal surfaces, as appropriate.

clean all tooth surfaces, and the gum line, thoroughly with a toothbrush and fluoride-containing toothpaste at least twice a day (last thing at night or before bed and one other time), spitting out the excess toothpaste.

The overall goal is to achieve and maintain good oral hygiene as follows: Toothbrushing is important throughout life. Approximately 40% of the school children surveyed used a powered toothbrush. As expected, the use of mouthwashes, dental floss (the only interdental cleaning method investigated) and sugar-free gum was generally higher in older children. Mouthwash was the most common aid other than a toothbrush (manual or powered) and toothpaste.

Overall, 77% of 12-year-olds and 81% of 15-year-olds reported that they brushed their teeth twice daily or more. Overall about 90% of children (aged 5 to 8 years) are reported as having started toothbrushing by 2 years of age (2).

Women and middle-aged adults were more likely to use additional products than men, younger and very old adults (85 years and over).ДЄ 2013 national survey (2) found that only a quarter of children benefited from having their teeth brushed before they were 6 months of age, whereas about 50% had commenced between 6 months and one year of age. Most dentate adults (58%) used additional products as well as a standard toothpaste and brush, the most common of which were mouthwash (31%), powered toothbrushes (26%) and dental floss (21%). Three quarters (76%) of dentate adults reported using toothpaste with 1,350 to 1,500 parts per million level of fluoride and a further 18 per cent used a brand with a medium (1,000 to 1,350 parts per million) fluoride level. In a 2009 national survey of adults (1), more women reported cleaning their teeth at least twice a day than men (82% compared with 67%). Toothbrushing is widely practiced across the UK. Oral hygiene practices include toothbrushing and the use of other aids for cleaning teeth. In Scotland the guidance will be used to inform oral health improvement policy. Whilst this guidance seeks to ensure a consistent UK wide approach to prevention of oral diseases, some differences in operational delivery and organisational responsibilities may apply in Wales, Northern Ireland and England. This guidance is issued jointly by the Department of Health and Social Care, the Welsh Government, the Department of Health Northern Ireland, Public Health England, NHS England and NHS Improvement and with the support of the British Association for the Study of Community Dentistry.Дelivering Better Oral Health has been developed with the support of the 4 UK Chief Dental Officers.

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